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Using very-high-resolution satellite imagery, this paper maps the fine-scale spatial patterns of alpine treeline ecotones worldwide and shows that snow, wind, topography, and how close treelines sit to their thermal limit predict whether ecotones are patchy or discrete.

Using nearly 2.9 million tree-years from 292 species, this paper shows that slope, aspect, and drainage shape tree fecundity and interact with climate, suggesting that topographically diverse landscapes can offer local refuges for reproduction under climate change.

Biocrusts are soil-surface assemblages of cryptogams, microbial communities, and soil particles, constituting the “living skin” of …

Over the past 80 years, biotechnology has advanced agriculture, health care, and economic development by harnessing biological …

Across 292 tree species in North America and Europe, this paper shows that changes in seed production are driven by moisture deficits and late freeze rather than rising annual temperature, so tree fecundity is not yet shifting poleward despite rapid warming.

Spring and autumn phenology jointly regulate terrestrial carbon, water, and energy exchanges, yet the mechanisms linking seasonal …

Across 25 NEON forest sites, we show that canopy gaps are consistently linked to phenological shifts, with earlier spring green-up at 15 sites and delayed autumn senescence at 18 sites. Typical gap sizes shift timing by −2 to +2 days in spring and −1 to +5 days in autumn, with effects varying by biome and background climate.

We introduce a national building functional map that delineates 110 million buildings across 109 major Chinese cities using 1-m multi-modal satellite data, and use nine indicators to quantify built-environment inequality across city tiers, regions, and within-city zones.

This paper reveals the impact of late freeze impacts on tree fecundity across North America and Europe. This is also the first time we are able to make continental-scale predictions through the MASTIF network